DUSOBANUKIRWE AMATEKA Y’UBURWAYI BWO MU MUTWE MU BIHUGU BYATEYE IMBERE
Byateguwe na Edmond Dufatanye binyujijwe mu Muryango Nyarwanda w’Abaforomo Bavura Indwara zo mu Mutwe “Rwandan Society of Psychiatric – Mental Health Nurses” (RSPN). www.rspn.rw
INTANGIRIRO
Dushobora kwibaza impamvu, hari bamwe bafata indwara zo mu mutwe nk’indwara zidasanzwe? Ibisubizo tubisanga mu mateka y’indwara zo mu mutwe. Muri ibi biganiro mutegurirwa na RSPN, turahera ku mateka y’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe mu bihugu byateye imbere, ubutaha tuzabagezaho muri Afrika ndetse no mu Rwanda.
Amateka agaragaza ko abaganga ndetse n’abandi bantu, basobanukiwe uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bitinze. Ibimenyetso bamwe mu barwayi bo mu mutwe bagaragaza, byatumye bigorana kubusobanukirwa. Ibitekerezo, imvugo n’imyitwarire idasanzwe ndetse itanumvikana byagaragaraga nk’ibiterwa n’imbaraga z’amadayimoni cyangwa igihano cy’Imana ku banyabyaha.
Ubumenyi buke n’imyumvire, byagize uruhare runini mu kudasobanukirwa uburwayi bwo mu mutwe.
IBIHE BY’INGENZI BYARANZE AMATEKA Y’UBURWAYI BWO MU MUTWE
Ibihe byo Kwicwa: Nta nyandiko yakoresheje iri jambo kwicwa. Inyandiko zivuga ko bamwe batwikwaga, nkaho batwikaga ibibarimo ariyo madayimoni “feu purificateur du bûcher”, gushyirwa mu bwato bakabohera mu nyanja “nef des fous”.
Ibihe byo Gufungwa: bafungirwaga aho bitaga “Asile des aliénés” cg ubuhungiro bw’abavangiwe. Aha haranzwe no kuzirikwa ku minyururu; Nta buvuzi; uretse kugaburirwa, nta burenganzira umurwayi yabaga afite. Byakorwaga nko kurinda umuryango abafite imyitwarire idasanzwe. Muri Esipanye, mu 1380 habaye ishingwa rya “Ordre des Bénédictins”, mu Bwongereza, 1403 hashingwa “St Mary of Bethlem”. Mu butegetsi bw’abagereki, Platon yazanye impinduka ko ibyo bitaga ibisazi ari uburwayi, aca iteka ko atari uguhangwaho n’amashitani.
Ibihe byo Gukurwa ku minyururu1793 na 1795: Uwitwa Philippe Pinel yarekuye abarwayi bari baziritse ahitwa Bicêtre na salpétrière mu mugi wa Paris.
IBIHE BY’IMPINDUKA KU MATEKA Y’UBURWAYI BWO MU MUTWE BIRIMO
Gukora urutonde rw’indwara zo mu mutwe (Muganga Emil Kraeplin)
Kuvumbura imiti n’imikorere yayo (1952)
Kuvurwa n’ababyize,
Guhabwa uburenganzira nk’abandi barwayi no kwegerezwa ubuvuzi. Indwara zo mu mutwe ziri mu byiciro bitandukanye ariko uzibaze imwe ku yindi, ukoresheje igitabo DSM gikora urwo rutonde, wasanga hari izigera ku ndwara 250.
Kuri ubu, ubuvuzi bukorwa hatangwa imiti, hakorwa ibiganiro “psychotherapies”: Ibiganiro biganisha ku mitekerereze, amarangamutima n’imyitwarire.
UBUTUMWA BWA RSPN
Buri wese ashobora kurwara mu mutwe, ashobora kurwaza uwo mu muryango. Indwara yo mu mutwe iravurwa igakira. Ni ngombwa kwivuza hakiri kare. Ntibikwiye ko abagera kuri 95% babaruwe mu Rwanda ko bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe bativuza. Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa, ivuze, ite ku murwayi wo mu mutwe, Wimuha akato, wimutererana.
Iyi nkuru yakuwe kurubuga rwa: www.rspn.rw
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